Telecommunications

 2.0            =200.0        =    4 10    = 2.0 watts              = 2000 hertz            =    500 kelvins          =10hertz              =     40 mW                 = (2 points)3.0 dBW  =-20 dBW  =    -30 dBm  =30 dBK    =     60.0 dBHz  =(Do not calculate the answer in linear arithmetic and then convert to dB – show your working.)4.0 8.0               =  6.0 + 9.0  =200 / 8.0               =  23.0 – 9.0  =[ 4 × × 36,500 × 10  /  0.05 ]   =    Earlier in this exercise you were told to round dB units to nearest 0.1 dB.  Decibels were originally applied to sound pressure levels and it is said that a 1.0 dB difference is the smallest difference that most folks can hear.  (The reference level is 1 dyne/cm so a sound pressure level of 1 dyne/cm is 0 dB.)  Determine the % difference between 0 dB (ratio of 1) and 1 dB, 0 dB and 0.1 dB, and 0 dB and 0.01 dB.  Hint: convert the dB values back to a ratios and then determine the % difference in the two values.  Remember that dB is ALWAYS a ratio two powers.  Yet you often see dB = 20 log (V/V), the ratio of two voltages.  It is WRONG but every communications engineer I know (including myself) does it.   Consider dB = 10 log (P/P) = 10 log (V/R)/ (V/R).  Expand this so dB = 20 log (V/V) +(?).  Explain when dB = 20 log (V/V) is correct and when it is incorrect.A signal in the IF section of an FM radio receiver occupies the frequency band 10.61MHz to 10.79 MHz.  The bandwidth of this signal is       180 MHz                           180 kHz                      180,000 Hz                    10.7 MHz A signal in the IF section of an FM radio receiver occupies the frequency band 10.61MHz to 10.79 MHz.  There is another FM signal occupying the frequency range 11.01 MHz to 11.19 MHz.  A filter is used to extract the first signal.  The type of filter needed is       Low pass                           High pass                    Band pass                       Band stop      At frequencies well above the 3 dB frequency of a fourth order Butterworth low pass filter, the attenuation of the filter increases at a rate of 80 dB per octave            80 dB per decade              36 dB per decade           24 dB per octave    Explain why a is needed in a telephone handset.  What is the relationship between the hybrid and   Where else in a telephone system would you find a hybrid transformer?  What purpose does it serve?

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